There are many cases where inexperienced owners plan to start dog breeding when the female is just too young. They don't wait until she has reached her second heat cycle between one and two years of age. Dog breeders that do this are definitely in it for the money and are not a high quality breeder. They are looking at numbers only – the numbers of puppies born, the numbers of puppies sold, and the number of the amount of money coming in.

Selecting The Right Male Dog For A Female

When dog breeders are just beginning their kennels, they really don’t need to keep a male stud on the property. Many small breeders use someone else’s stud; keeping back female breeding puppies from their dam, especially if they are of outstanding quality and exceptional breeding. Not being able to breed them back to their father, it only stands to reason another stud will be needed from another kennel. So, the main focus from the small kennel should be on the right type of females to use in their dog breeding programs.

Picking the right female breeder means many things: she should be healthy with no genetic issues and she should come from a line of vigorous puppies from birth until they leave the nest. She should not come from a line where there is a struggle to keep puppies alive; and hopefully she will come from a line of easy whelpers, as compared to a line that is noted for pregnancy issues, C-sections, problems with not wanting to bear down, or problems with live births.

Often female dogs that make the best mothers are the ones who love their puppies to death, continuously loving and cleaning them and helping them to become socialized and trained. There are also females that are much less interested in maternal duties and they will often be aggressive to puppies, poor nursing mothers and will spend little time in socializing the puppies. These are not the females the dog breeders should use to develop their breeding lines.

Dog Breeding Cycles

Most female dogs come into heat cycles every six months. Some females will have their puppies exactly six months apart but it is important to rest breeding females every other litter. Large dogs may only recommended for breeding once every year or every other year, especially if there are any whelping or pregnancy problems known in the breed. During the resting year or cycle the females are around the kennel, playing and enjoying life just being a dog. Different dog breeders have various rotations to keep their females health and in good physical and mental shape.

Different breeds have varying heat cycles. Cocker Spaniels are known for being right on target, while the terrier lines sometimes vary. The breeder really needs to know his dogs, as sometimes the arriving heat cycle is recognized by playfulness that is more than usual, or attempting to breed another dog whether it is male or female.

The Advantages Of Hand Dog Breeding

Hand-breeding is when you place a female in cycle with the male at a specific time when she will breed. She does not run all the time in a pack, one male and several females, as is sometimes done in continuous dog breeding programs. The advantage of hand breeding is knowing when the female will whelp so you can begin her on a high protein diet and begin her worming and shot regime, and staying in control of the breeding of your dog. And if you have a real good breeder, you can be as accurate as the hour knowing when she will whelp for you.

Dog breeding is definitely best left to those who are experienced dog breeders, however if you have a female you can work with a breeder for the first few litters until you understand all aspects of breeding, pregnancy and whelping.

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What sets breeders apart is the quality of health guarantee they provide with the sale of their puppies. Every dog breeder and kennel is unique, and each one thinks their method is the best. But after awhile, each one develops their own way of doing things that fits for them – it does not mean another kennel is wrong for doing it different. Far from it. It just means they are different. And so far, that hasn’t been proved as wrong. But what should be honored by all, is the fact they will back the health of their puppies and dogs. How they back their guarantee , is what separates good puppy breeders from bad. 

Health Of The Puppy At Sale

When the puppy is sold, a bill of contract or sale is given to the buyer, with a health guarantee and a medical chart with all the shots, worming, and medical work that has been done from birth to the day they leave.

At the expense of the buyer, once they receive the puppy in hand, the new owners have 48 hours to have the puppy examined to validate the health of the puppy. If the puppy is found ill and it is found to be the breeder’s fault, the puppy may be returned to the seller at full refund or another dog of equal value. The choice is determined by the breeder or the seller of the puppy. This is usually put into the contract on the purchase date.

Contract Amendments And Add-ons

In some of the contracts, proof of spaying/neutering is required before the registration papers will be given to the buyer and before 8 months of age. The dog breeder will usually guarantee the puppy is a purebred, especially if the registration papers are not given until 8 months of age.

If a down payment is made by the buyer, usually it is non-refundable or forfeited if the buyer changes his or her mind. Due to the time the puppy has been off the market, money has been lost due to lost sale time. Shipping fees usually are paid before shipping, or the puppy may be sent COD by some puppy breeders.

Buyer Releases Seller

When the puppy leaves the breeder's home or kennel, the seller is not liable for any damages or destruction to property including physical damages to any person that are done by the puppy. All contracts that indicate this are made out in duplicates for both parties to have a copy.

Always ask questions with anything on the contract that doesn't make sense to you. Good puppy breeders will take the time to explain everything to your satisfaction. Knowing a bit about what a standard breeder's contract may contain can help buyers when picking up their new pet from the dog breeder.

There are many kinds of dog breeders. There are also many places you can locate dogs for sale. Not all breeders and places, however, can provide you with a healthy dog. In the case of backyard breeders and pet stores, it is buyer beware.

Pet Stores

You often see cute puppies and adorable dogs at a pet store. When you are looking for a pet, one of these creatures may seem irresistible. You need to stop and consider if what you are about to do is the right thing. You must ask the pet store several questions about the source and properties of the pets they have for sale.

First, you need to find out if these puppies are from a respectable breeder or a puppy mill. Because of the high demand for animals at a pet store, some companies obtain their dogs from the mass production facilities of a puppy mill. These dogs live in poor conditions and lack socialization. Their health is dubious at best.

If you decide to buy a purebred, ask about registration papers. If they do not come with the dog, or you cannot obtain them, the source is not a reputable dog breeder. If the dog is a designer dog, check the source. You can also purchase a human society animal at some pet stores. These animals may come with their own set of possible problems.

Backyard Breeders

Backyard dog breeders can be another source of puppies. You may locate them through their “Dogs For Sale” or Puppies for Sale” ads in newspapers and on the internet. Some put up signs in shops or on poles. Backyard breeders can have puppies through an accidental breeding. They can also be in the business of breeding dogs. Some may be selling good family pets of mixed breed; others have designer puppies or so-called purebred puppies or dogs for sale. It is up to you to determine the validity of the claims and the quality of the breeder and the dogs.

As with pet stores and puppy mills, backyard breeders may show more concern about money and profit than they do about their dogs. Ask questions about the animal. Does the breeder know anything about this breed? Can he or she tell you about possible health problems or genetic defects? Can you meet the litter of another dog or see the kennels? Are the animals socialized? Do they have veterinarian records? Who was the Veterinarian?

If the animal is a purebred, obtain proof. Ask to see the papers of the parents. If the breeder is unable to produce any documentation, you are dealing with a bad backyard breeder. Be prepared to walk away or to take the consequences.

Final notes

If you want a puppy, you can choose to buy from a reputable breeder. You can also choose to deal with backyard breeders and pet stores. Always check the source of the animal. Never purchase an animal without knowing its background. Ask questions and get answers.

If you find yourself falling in love with a dog in a pet store or from a backyard breeder, go ahead and purchase it. Just remember, not all puppies in stores and from backyards come from reputable stock. There might health issues down the road. The purebred may be a mixed or crossbreed. In the case of pet stores and backyard breeders, it is buyer beware.